The Civil War was won by the Red Army representing the Bolshevik
government under Lenin. The White Army were a group of monarchists, conservatives, etc., who
opposed Lenin's revolution. They had allies from other governments, including troops from the
United States sent there by President Woodrow Wilson, but were ultimately defeated by the Red
Army. There were two significant consequences of this defeat. One was an increased distrust of
the United States by the Communists of Russia because of U.S. interference in the Civil War. The
other, of course, was the murder of the Romanov royal family. The Czar and his family presented
too much of a rallying point for the Whites and others who opposed the Soviets, so Lenin ordered
them shot.
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