There were several important French commanders who fought
with the Colonial troops during the American Revolutionary
War.
ROCHAMBEAU. Jean-Baptiste
Donatien de Vimeur, the comte de Rochambeau (1725-1807) was the commander-in-chief of
the French Expeditionary Force that joined the Colonial cause in 1780. He was made a
lieutenant general by George Washington and led a command of 6000 troops who were
essential to the siege of Yorktown and the eventual surrender of Lord Cornwallis'
army.
D'ESTAING. Charles
Hector, comte d'Estaing (1729–1794), served as an admiral of the initial French fleet
that arrived in America in 1778. After his failures in Rhode Island and the siege of
Savannah, he returned to France in
1780.
LAFAYETTE. The most
renowned Frenchman to join the Colonial cause during the Revolution, Marie-Joseph Paul
Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette (1757–1834) was a French aristocrat
who became a confidant of George Washington. Receiving the rank of major general,
he initially served as an advisor, but later displayed his heroism at the battle of
Brandywine; though wounded, he supervised the Colonial retreat. He later led troops at
the battles of Gloucester (where his 300 men defeated a superior Hessian force) and
Barren Hill, where his command of 2200 were forced to retreat from the 10,000 British
soldiers who attempted to trap him. Lafayette also helped to reorganize the retreating
Colonial troops at the battle of Monmouth. After his troops were defeated at
Williamsburg, Lafayette's strategic position at Yorktown helped to trap Cornwallis'
army. After returning to France following American independence, Lafayette refused to
serve under Napoleon. He returned to America in 1824 and was accorded a hero's welcome
at every stop.
DE GRASSE.
Francois Joseph Paul, comte de Grasse (1722-1788), commanded French naval troops during
the American Revolutionary War. Crushing the British fleet at the Battle of the
Chesapeake, his blockade of Chesapeake Bay led to the entrapment and eventual surrender
of Cornwallis at Yorktown.
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