What were the global impacts resulting from the colonization of the Americas? (15th-18th cent)Both in America and around the world

I would say that the major global impact of the
colonization of the Americas was on the balance of power in Europe.  Because European
countries were dominant, this also affected the balance of power
world-wide.

For example, the earliest colonization of the
Americas helped increase the power of Spain.  Spain's colonies from Mexico on to the
south were immensely rich.  They produced such things as the huge amounts of silver from
what is now Mexico and the Potosi mines in Peru.  These sums of money helped pay for
Spanish wars all over Europe.

Later on, colonization in the
Americas led to an increase in British power.  This happened as what is now the United
States became a valuable source of trade (as did Britain's Caribbean territories).  This
change led to competition worldwide, such as was seen in the 7 Years
War.

So colonization of the Americas impacted the global
balance of power as various countries' American colonies helped to increase their wealth
and power.