Wednesday, September 11, 2013

If farmers on an island want to use a pesticide called DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), how will this affect wildlife on island?

DDT is a pesticide that is long lasting and can stay in
the environment for years. It was sprayed during WWII to try to erradicate Malaria
mosquitoes. It was also used as a pesticide to kill insect pests on crops and in the
environment. Unfortunately, due to runoff, it ended up in the water supply and
ultimately in rivers, lakes and streams. In food chains and webs, as you proceed from
producer, to primary consumer, to secondary consumer, the amount of DDT magnifies as
each level progresses. This is known as bioaccumulation. Unfortunately, the bald eagle
almost became extinct because of DDT. The prey they ate like fish and small mammals had
DDT in their tissues and the presence of DDT weakened the eggshells of their young. DDT
has even been traced to humans because the milk had DDT in it, due to the cows feeding
on grass, sprayed with pesticides. In Lake Apopka Florida, the effect of DDT has
feminized many of the male alligators, and due to this occuring, the levels of the
alligator population dropped significiantly. DDT is an endocrine disruptor. It can mimic
other hormones in the body, causing males to become feminized, for example. In 1962, the
author Rachel Carson wrote the important novel, Silent Spring which
highlighted what could occur to the environment if people used these chemicals
indiscriminantly. By 1972, the use of DDT was banned in the U.S. and most countries in
the world have followed suit. The eagles have rebounded as have other organisms.
However, the chemical DDT is still in the environment all of these years
later.

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