Some important literary devices at work in Act 2 Scene 2
of Macbeth are as
follows:
Symbolism: Near the
beginning of the scene, Lady Macbeth claims that she heard an owl shrieking, and she
calls it the "fatal bellman." The owl is a symbol for the death of
Duncan.
Allusion: Later in
the scene, Macbeth refers to "great Neptune's ocean" which is a reference to the Roman
god of the sea.
Metaphor:
Lady Macbeth is disappointed in her husband's cowardice and says, "I shame to wear a
heart so white." The color white is a metaphor for fear and
innocence.
Extended metaphor:
Macbeth talks of "murdering sleep" throughout the scene. He uses sleep
as a metaphor for peace, meaning that since he has committed such an evil crime, he will
no longer have peace of mind.
Irony:
Later the audience learns that the knocking on the door is from Lenox and
Macduff who are arriving at Inverness. However, Macbeth is in a state of frenzy and
believes that someone has heard him commit the murder--the audience, however, is fully
aware that no one else knows of Macbeth's crime.
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