How does the setting of the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer impact the characters and/or the story ?

Twain's setting on the Mississippi River is essential in
formulating the tone of the novel. Set in the 1840s, the fictional town of St. Petersburg,
Missouri is still on the western fringes of America. The people are unsophisticated and far from
the large cities found farther east; however, they are a close-knit society, where everyone knows
one another and they come to each other's assistance when needed. The river setting is important
for the pirate theme, and the ease with which the boys can escape from their little town into the
relative wilds adds to their exploits and adventures.

Hamlet actually slips into insanity at certain moments in the play. Is this true, or is Hamlet merely play-acting insanity? Give evidence.-

The only evidence one might have for whether or not Hamlet
is "truly" insane in any given moment in the play is what he says or what others say
about him.  The problem with relying on what characters say about themselves or others
is that they are not always telling the truth.  How to
know?

Well, you can't know for sure, actually.  That's why
they call it a play, and it's one of the reasons that Hamlet, in
particular, has fascinated audiences for centuries.  There are as many choices to make
about whether Hamlet is insane or not (and at which moment he might or might not reveal
actual insanity or that he is merely "play-acting") as there are actors willing to
attempt the role.

I can give you evidence of what Hamlet
says both to Horatio and Marcellus in Act I and, again, in Act III to Gertrude about his
"play-acting," but this is not some sort of conclusive evidence of what is really going
on with Hamlet.  It is pretty widely considered to be true that a person who is insane
is usually the last one to know.  Most insane people don't recognize themselves as
such.  Here are the scenes and text from Acts I and III in which Hamlet reveals that his
insanity will be and is a ruse:

readability="14">

Here as before, never, so help you
mercy,

How strange or odd some-er I bear myself
--

As I perchance hereafter shall think
meet

To put an antic
disposition on --

(I,v,
177-79)

and, in III, iv, in
attempting to convince Gertrude not to allow Claudius back into her
bed:

readability="21">

Queen

What
shall I
do?

Hamlet

Not
this, by no means, that I bid you do;

Let the boat King
tempt you again to bed,

. . .And let him, for a pair of
reechy kisses,

. . .Make you to ravel all this matter
out

That I essentially am not in
madness,

But mad in
craft. (lines 182-
190)

There are numerous
moments in the play in which the other characters (in fact, nearly all the characters
except Horatio) discuss Hamlet's "madness" as if this state of mind is a given fact. 
Polonius and Claudius go farther, attempting to discover the reason for his "madness." 
However, other characters' opinions of his behaviour don't solve the question of whether
he is play-acting or not.  These characters are only witnessing his actions, which is
not any sort of evidence for what is going on internally with
Hamlet.

Perhaps the largest body of evidence that can be
put forward for Hamlet's sanity are his lucid and eloquent soliloquies -- his
conversations with the audience, during which he reveals his inmost thoughts.  These do
not seem to be the ravings of a mad man, but rather the tormented thoughts of a lucid,
highly intelligent, grief-stricken man.

All of this being
said, this is a question that has been debated through the centuries.  For more on
Hamlet and madness versus play-acting, please follow the links
below.

What is Hawthorne's point about the governors? Does he seem to find fault with them? Why or why not?A straight forward answer would be...

The Scarlet Letter is very obviously a
novel which speaks out about the general hypocrisy of the Puritan leaders, most notably the
governors.  Hawthorne shows this in nearly every scene in which Governor Bellingham is
present.

After meeting this character in Chapter 2 at the first
scaffold scene we see that he is an equal proponent of religion and law.  He condemns Hester
Prynne before the eyes of everyone, and when he cannot get a response from her, he defaults to
the minister hoping his relationship with her (as a congregant) will help. 
Later, in Chapter 8, we see that the governor wishes to take Pearl away from her mother,
suspecting Hester is not raising Pearl according to proper Puritan
standards.

While acting as a "stern magistrate" over all things both
legal and holy (for to him, these are one and the same) he himself is not living up to the
standards he demands of his citizens.  For example, he wishes the colonists to live simple and
pious lives, not drawing attention to themselves with fancy clothes and houses.  He lives in a
highly decorated house and wears the most elaborately decorated clothes of anyone in town (made
by Hester).  In addition to the general attention he draws to himself by this alone, he also
spends one day a year (Election Day) celebrating himself and his
position.

In short, Governor Bellingham (representing the
magistrates of the time in general) is willing to issue decrees, punishments, and advice about
how to live a "pure" life, but he is unwilling to practice exactly what he preaches.  This
hypocrisy is one of the themes for which Hawthorne is most famous as a Romantic
author.

How did the long American tradition of isolation from permanent foreign entanglements create tension in U.S. policy during the early Cold War?

The long American tradition of isolationism made many Americans
want to withdraw from international affairs after WWII. They did not want to get tied to any
permanent alliances with any countries in places (like Western Europe) that did not have any
direct and obvious relevance for US security.

This came into tension
with the needs that were brought on by the Cold War. The Cold War made it important for the US to
be dedicated to relationships with the countries of Western Europe. They needed to form
long-lasting relationships with those countries so that they could work together to hold back
communism.

In this way, the needs of the Cold War came into tension
with the idea of isolationism that had long been a major part of US foreign
policy.

What are three major turning points of Napoleon Bonaparte's life?

There are many different approaches one can take in
answering this question.  One particular avenue is to discuss the role the French
Revolution had on him.  The Revolution's course of action made Napoleon its conclusion. 
The ability to seize power in a setting where there was no construction of it could be
one turning point in his life where his political legacy was made into what it was. 
Regardless of if one sees him as an individual who surreptitiously gained power or one
who was the logical extension of the Revolution, this moment in time was a significant
moment in Bonaparte's life.  Another turning point in Napoleon's life had to be the
frustrations he experienced with trying to defeat England.  It seemed as if the presence
of the British in the face of Napoleon's desire to eliminate them helped to bring a
sense of imperfection to him and allowed a sense of thwarted desire to become evident, a
theme that come to define Napoleon's reign.  Naturally, the failure at Waterloo has
become regarded as proverbial, demonstrating a significant turning point in his
life.

Please explain the following statement: "while the Greeks were innovators the Romans were practical and imitators."

The idea behind this statement, which is commonly made
about the relationship between these two cultures, is that the Greeks were the ones who
came up with all the ideas.  It is said that the Romans simply copied them.  That is the
meaning of the part about innovators and imitators.  The part about practicality asserts
that the Romans were not interested in philosophy or other abstract
thought.

This idea has come down to us in part because many
aspects of Roman culture seem to be derived from the Greek.  For example, most Roman
gods have counterparts in Greek mythology and so people tend to say that the Romans got
their gods from the Greeks.  Another example of this sort of idea can be seen in the
following quote from the occc-encyclopedia link:

readability="14.673913043478">

The influence of Greek culture
became pervasive, and wealthy Romans began to affect the leisured style of the great
centres of the Hellenistic world; see href="../../../../../occc-encyclopedia/hellenism">Hellenism. Architecture
and the visual arts flourished, as the Romans imitated all the trappings of Greek
civilization. One of the results was the development of Roman literature on the Greek
model, including drama, epic poetry, and, not least,
historiography.

What is lim x --> 1 [( 1- sqrt x)/ (1- x)]

We calculate the limit substituting x by
1

lim [( 1- sqrt x)/ (1- x)] =  (1-1)/(1-1) =
0/0

We notice that we've get an indetermination
case

We'll solve using L'Hospital
rule:

lim [( 1- sqrt x)/ (1- x)] = lim  ( 1- sqrt x)'/ (1-
x)'

lim  ( 1- sqrt x)'/ (1- x)' = lim 
(-1/2sqrtx)/-1

lim [( 1- sqrt x)/ (1- x)] = lim sqrt
x/2

lim [( 1- sqrt x)/ (1- x)] = sqrt
1/2

lim [( 1- sqrt x)/ (1- x)] =
1/2