I think when most people hear "tragedy" as a literary genre, the
first thing that comes to mind is death, which is--ultimately--one
similarity between these two plays, though probably not the greatest. While there are definitely
distinct differences between Greek tragedy and
Shakespearean tragedy it should be noted that Romantic
tragedies (Shakespeare at the forefront) drew from the traditional tragic elements
that started with the Greeks but then twisted these elements to create something
new.
The similarities, therefore, come down to basics. Both
"Oedipus Rex" and "Romeo and Juliet" share the element that everyone knows from the very outset
that the play will end tragically (in this way, they both lack surprise endings). The irony of
"Oedipus Rex" was based on the fact that the audience knows all along that Oedipus is guilty and
headed toward ruin. In the same way, "Romeo and Juliet" opens with a prologue that foreshadows
the deaths of the main characters.
Also, though the concept of the
"tragic hero" started in Greek tragedy, it could be argued that the characters in "Romeo and
Juliet" are very similar to King Oedipus in heroic qualities and fatal flaws. Both Romeo and
Juliet possess many of the traditional elements that make up a tragic hero (including nobility by
birth, aiming at propriety, true to life, possessing a tragic flaw that causes their downfalls,
and evoking pity in the reader). Somewhat against the notion of the "fatal flaw" and "fall,"
others have argued that all three principle characters of these two plays were helpless victims
of fate. The very idea of "fate" as a factor is common to both
plays.
Other elements that "Oedipus" and "Romeo and Juliet" share,
as dramas, are the use of a chorus (throughout Oedipus and in the Prologue of Romeo and Juliet)
who speaks in "odes" or "verse" and the use of light/darkness symbolism (including blindness).
Finally, it should be noted, both plays certainly evoke pity (among other strong emotions) from
the audience or reader, which was one of the original and primary purposes for
tragedy.
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