Congress has subcommittees for the same reason that it has
the larger committees. I would say that there are two main
reasons.
First, it is useful to have subcommittees to allow
members of Congress to have influence over policy areas in which they have some
expertise. It makes sense to have the people who know and care the most about some area
of policy be the ones who have the first shot at marking up bills and suggesting what
sorts of policies should be implemented.
Second, it is much
more efficient to have small groups work on proposed laws. Imagine if every bill that
came before Congress had to be marked up on the floor. It would be chaos because of the
numbers of people involved. It would also make it very hard to get anything done
because there are so many bill proposed. So having various committees and subcommittees
allows Congress to take care of more business more quickly.
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