Here is the full text of the poem, and below that I
explain the five similes in
order:
Harlem,
by Langston Hughes
readability="48">
readability="23">
What happens to a dream
deferred?
Does it dry
up
like a raisin in the
sun?
Or fester like a
sore—
And then
run?
Does it stink like rotten
meat?
Or crust and sugar
over—
like a syrupy
sweet?
Maybe it just
sags
like a heavy
load.
Or does it
explode?
A
simile is an unusual comparison using the words "like" or "as." Hughes is obviously a
fan of using the word "like" for his similes. I will mention the simile and then
explain the comparison.
The first simile is as
follows: "like a raisin in the sun." This simile compares the "dream deferred" (the
dream of equality) to a "raisin in the sun." This definitely gives us an image of a
dried-up dream or one that has withered
away.
The second simile is as follows: "like a
sore." This simile compares the "dream deferred" (the dream of equality) to a
"fester[ing]" and then "runni[ing]" sore. Again we have a very negative image here of
an infected wound that runs with puss. This is WORSE than a "raisin in the sun" and
implies that animosity is brewing inside as a
result.
The third simile is as follows: "like
rotten meat." This simile compares, again, the "dream deferred" (the dream of equality)
to "rotten meat" that "stinks." This now goes from sight and touch images into smell
imagery. It is just as grotesque as those
above.
The fourth simile is as follows: "like a
syrupy sweet." This simile compares, again, the "dream deferred" (the dream of
equality) to a "crust" of a "syrupy sweet" that has "sugared over." Again, a negative
image, but this time hidden by a positive one: that of candy. But an old candy that
has crusted over is old and disgusting. One cannot hide "fake" equality with
sugar.
The fifth and final simile is as
follows: "like a heavy load." This simile compares the "dream deferred" (the dream of
equality) to a burden that is heavy. It "sags" while the person bears its weight. In
short, it AFFECTS the person, just as racism affects the African American
race.
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