Encoding has a number of applications. Foremost is the
preservation of privacy or the transmission of sensitive information, for
example financial records or military communication. This type of encoding is
often refereed to as encryption. However, there are many uses and purposes of encoding.
One category of encoding is the mapping of one symbol to another, for example the number
65 to the letter A. Computers use this type of code (ASCII) to store letters in memory.
Other encodings facilitate the transmission of text over the internet. The terms
character encoding, character map, character set, or code page are historically
synonymous.
Compression algorithms use encoding to reduce
the size of readable text. Error correcting algorithms encode the message in such a way
that if part of the message is corrupted, the error can be detected and
the original message can be recovered.
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