What is the difference between leadership and management?

Managers, particularly those managing the work performed by
large number of people also need to be good leaders to be able to manage effectively. Likewise
leaders also need to have good managerial skills. Thus there is a lot that is common between
leadership and management. However the two are not
identical.

Management focuses on making work effective, and in this
process uses some leadership skills and functions to influence the activities of the persons
performing the work. But leadership covers many other functions, which are not necessarily part
of management. For example, a leader may work for the betterment of the people that he or she
leads, rather than for achieving any specific tasks performed by the group. In doing this kind of
work the leader may just guide and inspire the followers into action without actually managing
their detailed activity. For example, Mahatma Gandhi inspired billions of  Indians to struggle
for freedom of India and to improve the economic and social condition of common people. But he
did not manage the activities of all these people.

Leaders do manage
their own activities and of their close associates. Unless leaders they do this effectively, they
cannot win the respect and support of their followers. However, their role goes much beyond these
managing activity.

Similarly, managers use leadership tools and
techniques to guide and motivate the people working under them, but they also perform many other
functions. For example, managers need to regularly plan, monitor and control all the activities
of their subordinates. Further the managers are responsible for achieving the objectives of the
work they manage. This work objective is different from the objectives of the subordinates. The
focus of manager is the work objective. They are concerned with the personal objectives of the
subordinates only to the extent it affect the work objectives. In contrast, leaders are not
concerned with any objectives independent of the followers. The leader influences the followers
to adopt and work only for such common personal objectives of followers. There are no other work
objectives. Thus a leader works towards influencing and achieving worthwhile objectives of the
followers, whereas, a manager focuses on the achievement of organizational
objective.