I had to edit your question as it is too demanding to be
one question, thus it will be answered a little bit more generally. Split it into two if
you want to ask two questions.
Mood is the feeling the
audience receives based on what they read.
In chapter one,
when the boys first land, or rather crash, we feel a mixed mood because characters have
different perspectives. First, Ralph feels free and
almost celebratory, but Piggy's definitive rationality
flares up and concern mounts almost immediately. Who
wouldn't want to be on a deserted tropical island right? Sounds fun!
Wrong.
As the story moves along and the boys move from
civilized to savage, the mood feels competitive, somber, depressing and
ineffective. It feels like rescue is impossible and finally by chapters
11-12, hopeless.
As far as
symbols go, chapters 9 & 10 go into great detail about the Lord of the Flies
itself an allusion to Satan which we know is evil manifest. Simon then becomes the
symbol of the Christ figure. Simon tries to be kind and giving to all and most of all,
at his weakest moment, a Savior to the rest of the boys from the idea of the Beast. No
boys will hear his message and his life pays the price.
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