Identify a period that is considered a "golden age" and explain why it is considered "golden".

I would argue that there are two kinds of "golden
age."

First, you can have a golden age that is golden because a
country is better (in one or more ways) than other countries.  It can be more powerful in terms
of economics or its military or it can be superior in terms of its culture, for
example.

Second, a golden age can simply be a time that is better
than times before and after in that country (so not in comparison to
other countries).  It can be a time when the country had it really good in comparison to itself
at other times.

I think you can argue that America in the 1950s was
a golden age (for most Americans) in both of these ways.  The US was the most powerful country in
the world both militarily and economically.  It was also a time when society within the US was
more stable and harmonious than it had been before or has been since.  (You can argue that women
and non-whites wouldn't see things this way, though.)