What efforts did workers make to better the harsh working conditions of the early Industrial Revolution?

If you are asking about the "early Industrial Revolution" then I
assume you are referring to events in England. My answer will reflect
that.

There were at least three types of efforts made by workers to
force improvements in their working conditions. These efforts
included:

• The Luddites. These people attacked the
  manufacturing sector directly by destroying the machines that were putting them out of jobs. They
  hoped to improve their working conditions by reversing the trend towards
  industrialization.


• The Chartists. This movement hoped to improve
  working conditions through political change. They were trying to get more political power for the
  working class by getting England to create a more equitable electoral
  system.


• The labor unions. These sprang up in an attempt to
  organize workers so as to give them bargaining power against the employers. They were meant to be
  able to directly negotiate with the companies for better working conditions, wages,
  etc.