You have identified an excellent piece of dramatic irony in the
final act of this hilarious play. Let us remember the situation - Tranio is dressed up as
Lucentio, with the Pedant playing the part of his "father," and then the real Vincentio arrives.
Seeing Tranio dressed up as a noble, he assumes the worst and the Pedant's protestations that he
is the real father of the Lucentio that Tranio is playing makes Vincentio come to the conclusion
that Tranio has actually killed Lucentio and has impersonated him to gain his wealth. Thus
Vincentio calls for Tranio to be arrested for the murder of his
son.
This is an excellent example of dramatic irony because
Vincentio doesn't know what we and other characters on stage know - that Tranio has not killed
Lucentio and that Lucentio is alive and well, and in fact this is all part of an elaborate plot
to ensure he marries the woman of his dreams.
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