The specific historical condition in which Stalin rose to power
was the chaos and infighting that followed the Bolshevik
Revolution.
Stalin rose to power gradually during the time that
Lenin was running the Soviet Union. Then, once Lenin died, Stalin seized complete control of the
country. This was made possible by the upheaval of the time and by the fact that the Soviet Union
had no set method of deciding who would succeed Lenin. In other words, Stalin was able to rise
because of the chaotic nature of the time (and because of his own political
skills).
Stalin rose by using a series of bureaucratic posts to take
power for himself and make people indebted to him. This was possible because the power structure
of the Soviet Union was just being created and things were chaotic. Stalin used the opportunities
provided by these conditions to amass power gradually until he was in a good position to openly
take the top spot after Lenin died.
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